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Bio SB Newsletter

March 2018 Kidney Cancer Awareness Month

Types of Kidney Cancer           
Renal Call Carcinoma (RCC): This is the most common form of kidney cancer in adults and accounts for 85% of all kidney cancers. Renal cell carcinoma usually develops as a single tumor in one kidney. Renal cell carcinoma begins in the cells that line the small tubes that are part of the nephrons within the kidneys.
Transitional Cell Carcinoma: Transitional cell carcinoma accounts for 6% to 7% of all kidney cancers. This cancer usually begins in the area where the ureter connects to the main part of the kidney. Transitional cell carcinoma also can occur in the ureters or bladder.
Renal Sarcoma: This is the least common form of kidney cancer, accounting for only 1% of kidney cancer cases. It begins in the connective tissues of the kidneys and, if not treated, can spread to nearby organs and bones.
Wilms' Tumor: This is the most common type of kidney cancer in children. It accounts for about 5% of kidney cancers.

Antibodies for Kidney Cancer Diagnosis

CD10, MMab
CD10 is a useful marker for the characterization of childhood Leukemia and B-cell Lymphomas. This antibody reacts with the antigens of Lymphoblastic, Burkitt’s, and Follicular Lymphomas, and Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia. Also, CD10 detects the antigen of glomerular epithelial cells and the brush border of the proximal tubules. This characteristic may be helpful in interpreting renal ontogenesis, in conjunction with other markers. 

PAX-2, RMab
PAX-2 is a homeogene strongly expressed during kidney development. PAX-2 gene is expressed in the metanephric mesenchyma after ureter bud induction and is a key factor for the mesenchyma-epithelium conversion. It can be used to distinguish Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma (positive) from Hepatocellular Carcinoma (negative).

Renal Cell Carcinoma, MMab
Renal Cell Carcinoma is the most common form of kidney cancer arising from the renal tubule. It is also the most common type of kidney cancer in adults. This antibody immunoreacts with approximately 90% of Primary Renal Cell Carcinomas and approximately 85% of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinomas. Other tumors that may react with this antibody are Parathyroid Adenoma, an occasional Breast Carcinoma. 

Parvalbumin, RMab
Parvalbumin is strongly expressed in almost all primary, as well as metastatic, chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and oncocytoma, but is essentially negative in other types of RCCs, such as clear cell RCC and papillary RCC. Alterations in the function of parvalbumin-expressing neurons have been implicated in other clinical interest such as Alzheimer’s disease and age-related cognitive defects.